Fig. 1

Results of covariance structure analysis in the path model, using the childhood abuse score (CATS total), neuroticism score (EPQ-R), negative and positive change scores of life events (LES), and subjective well-being score of the SUBI from 404 nonclinical adult volunteers. The arrows with solid lines represent the statistically significant paths, and those with broken lines represent the nonsignificant paths. The numbers beside the arrows show the standardized path coefficients (minimum − 1, maximum − 1). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. CATS, Child Abuse and Trauma Scale; EPQ-R, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-revised; LES, Life Experiences Survey; SUBI, Subjective Well-Being Inventory