Fig. 3

Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) questionnaire factors contributing to premenstrual disorder (PMD). The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to analyze PBIm_23, PBIm_10, PBIm_2, PBIm_15, PBIm_care, PBIf_23, and PBIm_overprotection; Welch’s t-test was used to analyze PBIf_care. PBIm/f, PBI items related to mother/father